Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Challenges Facing Public Schools Essay

The fundamental purpose of education is to gain knowledge, inculcate the forms of proper conduct and acquire technical competency, (Oak, 2010). These skills and abilities are considered important in our world so as to have socio-economic growth and development individually and in the community. Goel (2007) observes that it is because education is so important that the US Department of Education aims to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. Thus in countries such as the US, children who may not be able to afford the cost of schooling can access education in public educational institutions subsidized by the government. Though noble, the concept of public education unfortunately has a number of fundamental challenges that must be investigated for lasting solutions. These challenges are highlighted below, their problem statements and the arising hypotheses: Problem Statement 1 One of the greatest concerns in public schools is violence. Lede (2010) notes that violence in public schools is a growing concern of parents, teachers, school administrators, politicians and community leaders. Lede (2010) continues to observe that â€Å"many communities in the United States of America are faced with the dilemma of how to protect the integrity of the education by eliminating violent behavior among the school’s constituency and the environment where learning takes place. † What are the determinants of violence in public schools? What is the effect of parental involvement and violence in public schools? Is there any relationship between poor teacher training and violence in public schools? Hypothesis Economic and social issues are affiliated with violence in public schools. Parental socialization at the home front influences students’ propensity to violence in public schools. Teacher training does not impact on the existence of violence in public schools. Importance of the statements and hypothesis in the research The statements and hypotheses in this research would assist the researcher in investigating the problem of violence in public schools and begin to explore solutions that address the root cause of the problem and not the symptoms of the problem Problem statement 2  Another one of the core challenges faced by public educational institutions is that of insufficient funds. By virtue of the fact that public schools depend on the government to meet their budgets, more often than not, the schools find themselves without enough money to carry out their activities. What is the effect of lack of sufficient funding on the quality education in public schools? What is the effect of programme prioritization on budget management in public schools? What are other sources of funding that can be explored to ensure constant funding of public schools programmes? Hypothesis Lack of sufficient funds compromises on the quality education offered in public schools. Budget rationalization can be successfully achieved through programme prioritisation of the programmes at public schools. Diversification of the sources of funding to meet budgetary needs at public schools has ensured sustainability of the schools’ programmes. Importance of the statements and hypothesis in the research A research on this issue would ensure that sustainable solutions to budgetary constraints are met that translate to operational efficiency (Maguad, 2007) and a high quality of education is constantly high in public schools. Problem statement 3 Public institutions of learning are faced by the problem of low or no parental involvement. Since many of the students in public schools come from middle and working classes in which both parents have to earn a living to sustain the families, it is rare that the parents find time to be actively involved in their children’s school life. What is the effect of parental involvement on student achievement in public schools? What is the correlation between parental aspirations and expectations for their children and student achievement in public schools? Do parents give away the right to educate their children when they place them in public schools? Hypothesis A student’s performance is influenced by his/her parents’ interest and participation in his school work. Parental aspiration and expectation for children determines the achievements of the children in school. Parents of children in public schools forfeit any right to determine what or how their children are educated. Importance of the statements and hypothesis in the research The research would find out whether parents have an active role to play in their children’s well being for assured achievement in school. The issue of parental involvement could also form the basis of understanding other challenges facing public schools such as student violence (Alliance for the Separation of School & State, 2008). In conclusion, public educational institutions experience many challenges ranging from budgetary constraints, student violence and low parental involvement. Much research needs to be done to establish why these problems exist in the first place and lasting solutions for these institutions.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Look at the questions

Queen Elizabeth of England was known as one of the most successful rulers of her time for a number of different reasons. She did many things right, but the most prevailing aspect of her reign was her foreign policy. She was something of a revolutionary leader during that time in a number of different ways. While other leaders were busy fighting big wars to protect themselves from danger, Queen Elizabeth found a way to keep her enemies at bay by pacifying them. She used power and influence to balance between the countries and the powers that would have otherwise been a problem during that time. Though the premise of her policy was to help England, it actually helped much of Europe as a result. For example, European powers like France and Germany were able to build their military power and their financial backing while not having to defend against a large armed force in England. Without having to look too far, one can find some of Elizabeth’s policies being utilized in the world today. In some ways, they are being used in many of the same ways that Elizabeth used her policies back in England. There are some very good examples, including the situation that is currently happening in Ukraine. Ukraine is a country that was involved with the Soviet Union for a long time, so they have struggled in the period shortly following that. The adjustment has been difficult, because the country still holds onto its Russian roots, but it is being pulled towards the Western world. Being in such proximity to both Russia and Europe, Ukraine has to fact tough questions about the direction of their country. China is a country that is always in balance between various powers, as well. On one side of them, there is Japan, who holds much of the world’s power in the financial district. One the other hand, they have to balance between the socialist nations that surround them in the South Pacific. In order to make sure that they keep a good reputation around the world, China has had to keep pacify the Western world. They are a large producer of goods, so in order to stay viable, they have to keep the important trade relationships that have been developed up to this point. On the other hand, the socialist nature of their government makes it difficult for them to relate with countries like the United States and many of the nations in Europe. In the sixteenth century, England found itself in an interesting position. In many ways, the world was changing during that time. Today, it is still a changing world, so countries still have to account for these changes. Instead of having to simply care for today, countries like China and Ukraine have to take into account what might happen tomorrow. This is why it is difficult for these countries to have an economic and military strategy that pleases everyone. Queen Elizabeth was able to balance the interests of her country and many different countries, so that they could become a power in the changing world. If England did not have such a balanced policy, then there is no way they could have charged into the new age in such that they would maintain their power into this current time.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Greek Mythology: Artemis Essay

Greek mythology is a religion filled with myths and legends used to tell stories that explain how some things came to be or to teach lessons. In Greek mythology, Artemis is a very popular goddess with many traits and attitudes therefore there are many myths regarding her in particular. Artemis is the goddess of the hunt, wilderness, wild animals, female fertility, childbirth, and the moon (â€Å"Artemis (Diana)†). Daughter of Zeus and Leto, Artemis is very strong very capable of defending herself against others. She is against men, marriage, and the limitations it sets for the rights of women (Regula). She is also mentioned and involved in many myths throughout Greek mythology. Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and Leto. In some stories, Artemis was thought to have been birthed by Demeter instead of Leto but in other Egyptian legends, its states that she was the offspring of Dionysus and Isis, while Leto was the caretaker. She also has a twin brother named Apollo (Atsma). They were both born under a palm tree at the same time on the island of Delos (Regula). In other stories, Artemis was supposedly brought into this world earlier than Apollo to nurse her mother through the birth of her other sibling (Atsma). Artemis is in charge of the moon, childbirth, wild animals, and female fertility (â€Å"Artemis (Diana)†) She was never fond with men. She promised to be a sworn virgin forever while she runs the forest with her fellow maiden friends. She has even been known to kill peeping men for spying on her while bathing (Regula). Artemis, being twins in all, was almost the feminine Apollo. He handled the young women while he was in charge of the young men. The symbols of her are the silver bow and arrow

Why I'm Proud to be an American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why I'm Proud to be an American - Essay Example America upholds the people’s freedom of worship, speech and association. I am proud because am free to practice my catholic religion without any interference. Our military and soldiers have sacrificed and continue to sacrifice their lives to ensure Americans are safe and as nation we value and protect each other. I am also proud of the fact that America gives opportunities everyone to achieve the best of her/his potential. I am able to pursue an education in the area of my interest and follow the career of my dream. Another source of pride for me as an American citizen lies in our national traditions. Americans come out in numbers to contribute to national success and help our brothers and sisters in their times of needs. Many NGOs, churches and other organizations lead from the frontline in marshalling Americans to help each other in the times of need e.g. when we were attacked by terrorists. Such efforts by citizens and organizations complement the army and emergency responders hence increasing the speed at which we overcome national challenges. A quality life for me as an American is assured by the constitution, our defense forces and our collective effort as citizens. In conclusion therefore I am a very proud American citizen because America presents opportunities for all persons according to their capabilities. I have the freedom to practice my religion, pursue education in my area of choice and achieve the best of my

Sunday, July 28, 2019

How are auctions important for the art market today Essay

How are auctions important for the art market today - Essay Example For example, in other industries like the real estate, once the construction of the house is complete, the builders and architects will mostly not have any meaningful relations with the particular building or house. However this is different in the art world since the artist will have a central correlation with the art they have created; in this context, the role the art market plays in the art world and the artist’s own career is somewhat intricate and can vary from one artist to another and from one region to another. It is with this in mind that I have split my essay into different categories. Firstly, I will discuss the art market as a whole before looking at the aspect of art valuation. The second area will be covering the determination of the price for a painting. Thereafter I will finish my essay with a conclusion on how all these aspects are important for the art market today as much as the contribution to how a painting or an art piece will be auctioned. Art Market Re cognition of art as a feasible and valuable alternative asset class has made a situation where the art market is increasingly being promoted purely as a means for monetary gains. New investments dealing in arts have been created in the last few years and this shows how the society has grown the confidence it has on the art market as a method of building wealth and as a way of diversifying the investment range. This art market is continuously growing even though it is a new and small market compared to other investment markets. According to Singer and Lynch (94), the art market is divided into four categories that are diverse. The fourth category is mostly for the illicit aspect of the art market. The first one is referred to as primary which deals with art that is in the open market for the first time; once the art has been sold it will be in the secondary possession thereafter if it is auctioned the tertiary stage will be under this category. This means that before an art is auctio ned it has to undergo probably the three faces (apart from the illicit market) and through the facets the value of the art piece might increase or decrease depending on the quality and the significance. Art valuation: Art valuation is the basis for dictating the significance of the art in question, whether the art is very good or very bad. This is an art-specific division of financial valuation. The process will involve giving an approximate value (valuation) or estimating the potential market value of works of art and thus this makes it more of a financial concern rather than an aesthetic concern (Fenner 28). The subjective views and opinions of the art also play a major role in the valuation process. The valuation itself will involve comparing the data and analyzing the trends of the art from various key players like collectors, auction houses, museums, curators and even art dealers among many other important art players. These key players will mostly arrive at a value that they w ill deem. The art market is dictated by the valuation which in turn determines whether an art is good or not. A good art will have a high market demand as many people will be after this piece of art and at the same time liquidity of the art means that the art is very easily sold without any impediments hence the art is deemed as a good art. Other factors that will make an art be good will include the valuation trend whereby if an art

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Callable Bonds Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Callable Bonds - Term Paper Example There are different reasons as to why companies issue callable bonds, as noted by Frykman and Tolleryd, one of the reasons as to why companies issue callable bonds is because of their hedge interest rate (173). The point is that, the moment interest rates reduce, the issuing companies can then repay the bonds at lower interest rates. This paper aims at examining callable bonds. Overview As explained by Le callable bonds allows those borrowing the option of re-investing if the interest rates reduces (4). This implies that companies are able to hedge against likely reduction of interest rates in future. It is because of this aspect tha makes callable bonds to be prefered by many investors particularly before 1990s. In deed, before 1970, nearly all companies issued bonds that had were callable. But, as from 1970 to 1990, callable bonds being issued reduced to about 80%. This was attributed to developents that had taken place within the interest rate derivaive markets over that period. P resently, the number of callable bonds on the market has greatly reduced accounting for less than 30%. According to Le the reason for this reduction is the fact that, it has become easier for companies to hedge against the interest rate risks (4). Explaining callable bonds When a company issues a bond, it has to make a critical decision regarding the type of bond it will issue, if it will be a callable bond or a regular one. In defining a callable bond Brigham and Houston states that callable bond, also known as redeemable bond is a kind of bond that permits the issuing firm to retain the benefit of trading in the bond at a certain time before the maturity date (220). This implies that the issuing firm retains the right of buying back the callable bond, though it is not obligated to do that. Basically, the bonds are not in actual sense bought back by the issuing firm; rather the firm cancels them immediately. When recalling the callable bonds, the issuing firm has to pay more than t he par price. In some cases, for example in high-yield debt industry, the call premium could be considerable high. Therefore, the issuing firm has a choice, of either paying a higher premium or waiting until the bonds mature. Brigham and Houston notes that supposing the interest rates prevailing in the market go down at the time of calling back the bonds, then the issuing company will be in a position to refinance its debt cheaply (220). Accordingly, as the interest rates reduce, the value of the bonds increases, thus, it is beneficial to re-buy the bonds at their par value. When callable bonds are used, the investors are given the advantage of a higher token or value, as opposed to what they have gained with regular bonds. However, when the interest rates reduce, the issuing firms will likely recall the bonds and just invest them at interest rate is low. The moment a company has recalled the bond, the company can as well reissue the similar bonds at a much lower interest rate. This process of reissuing bonds to save money on the interest payment is referred as refunding. Brigham and Houston notes that before the bonds are recalled, the bond holders are informed by a letter, one of the agreements when investing in a callable bond (221), is that the investors agree that the bonds can be bought back and the investors should be ready to sell the bonds. However, companies recalling the bonds

Friday, July 26, 2019

Technology Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology Description - Essay Example The Clock button displays the real time that can be set and adjusted. The Reset button allows the Clock to reset depending on the user’s desired time settings. 2. These pre-determined cooking time buttons include the cooking according to the desired cooking manner including the weight of the food and defrosting. If Cook by Weight is desired, the need to key in the approximate weight of the food is necessary. The same applies when Defrost by Weight is preferred. Speed Defrost 5. The Timer button is used to set the desired cooking time. The Power Level sets the microwave cooking at 10 different levels at the time of cooking. Setting the level to 100% allows the device to emit radio waves to its full extent, thus allowing the cooking time faster. The Cook button automatically cooks food according to the length of time that it needs to be cooked. There are sensors in the cavity that allows the device to detect whether the food is already cooked or

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Dream employer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dream employer - Essay Example There are a few companies in the world that offer a good working environment or autonomy and opportunities as Microsoft Corporation; apart from an attractive pay package they also offer an incredible array of perks to their staff such as free and complete medical cover and gym membership. This essay will discuss reasons as to why working for Microsoft Corporation would be a dream comes true for me. Founded in 1975, Microsoft is today one of the IT giants in the world producing a huge percentage of the software that is used by millions worldwide especially the windows operating system and gaming devices such as XBOX (Schneider). Microsoft gives its employees considerable personal autonomy, in both matters of work and the working environment, thus employees will order their own supplies, customize their office and workspace as they see fit and schedule trips and meetings. Even when upper management or other groups make decisions for someone, they still have to take into consideration; ones interests, skills and abilities. While working for Microsoft, I would have the option of showing up to work when I want, and I could hire a decorator to do my office in my style of choice. Without someone else making my schedule for me, I believe I would be highly productive, because of not working under pressure thus being intrinsically motivated. Some companies imagine that employee development and education are undesirable for them since it exposes them to other skills and opportunities, which might make them quit and join other companies in posterity. However, Microsoft takes a radically different approach to the subject of personal employee development, it does not only supply a diverse variety of learning opportunities, but employees are expected to take advantage of them. In fact, one is even guided and directed in their choice of specialization in mid-year career discussions with personnel managers. After such discussions, the firm helps the employees get the experience required through training, shadowing an experienced professional or assigning those projects that will help them gain skills and experience. Indeed, management is so supportive to staff training and development that many of the employees especially new entrants are often spoilt for choice, as at least twenty days a year are spent on staff training. Working in such an environment, I would benefit a great deal since I am not only a quick learner but constantly thirsty for new knowledge. Thus, having an employer who not only encourages but also facilitates the acquisition of new knowledge and skills would epitomize the closest to a perfect job I can get. Microsoft’s compensations and benefits package are not only above the average for the IT industry, but also for the country as a whole since the firm pays more than most of the employers in America. Indeed, this might explain why they do not fear their employees gaining new skills since they do not fear losing them, since there are only few firms that could pay them more remuneration benefits than Microsoft. They also allow their staff to purchase shares of Microsoft at discounted prices, the firm has a team of financial advisors who help the employees develop their financial portfolio by making objective and informed decisions (Lee). Microsoft also shows a great deal of concern for the health of its employees as well as eligible

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The future of natural medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The future of natural medicine - Essay Example The future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re Ð °nd medicine cÐ °n not be predicted, but it will certÐ °inly be developing into Ð °n InformÐ °tion Ð °ge, evolving in itself. PÐ °rticulÐ °rly, the medicÐ °l services will be delivered through the Internet Ð °nd other innovÐ °tive meÐ °ns of communicÐ °tion providing quÐ °lity Ð °nd cÐ °re whenever Ð °nd wherever needed. In the following pÐ °per I will discuss the future of nÐ °turÐ °l medicine emphÐ °sis on e-medicÐ °l services. I will Ð °lso tÐ °lk Ð °bout conventionÐ °l medicine Ð °nd its plÐ °ce in the future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re. E-medicine refers to the use of telecommunicÐ °tion thÐ °t provides medicÐ °l informÐ °tion Ð °nd services. It mÐ °y be Ð °s simple Ð °s two heÐ °lth professionÐ °ls discussing Ð ° cÐ °se over the telephone, or Ð °s sophisticÐ °ted Ð °s using sÐ °tellite technology to broÐ °dcÐ °st Ð ° consultÐ °tion between providers Ð °t two distÐ °nt locÐ °tions, using videoconferencing equipment.† (Gustke et Ð °l., 20000) The simplest definition of E-Medicine is thÐ °t it uses multimediÐ ° technology (voice, video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ °) to deliver medicÐ °l services. The lower cost of bÐ °nd- width Ð °nd improvement in video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ ° compression stÐ °ndÐ °rds hÐ °ve increÐ °sed the number Ð °nd types of medicÐ °l services thÐ °t cÐ °n be delivered from Ð ° distÐ °nce to include virtuÐ °lly every speciÐ °lty. E-Medicine is Ð °n Ð °pplicÐ °tion Ð °nd not Ð ° technology. It uses Ð ° hybrid technology incorporÐ °ting elements of television, telecommunicÐ °tion, computers, engineering Ð °nd medicine. Services cÐ °n be delivered on Ð ° combinÐ °tion of technologies with Ð ° vÐ °riety of equipment. The objective of E-medicine â€Å"is not Ð °n evolutionÐ °ry concept but Ð ° revolutionÐ °ry concept Ð °nd Ð °t the heÐ °rt of every revolution, there is the need for Ð ° sudden mÐ °ssive chÐ °nge, Ð °t the core of which is the humÐ °n mind.† (Merrell, 2004). E-medicine in the future will bring mÐ °ny benefits to

Pleasant Manor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pleasant Manor - Essay Example Some states enacted the policy of PPS on nursing homes where the medical providers are paid based on how severely ill the patients are rather than the volume of services provided to the patient (Griffin, 1995). The medical reimbursement provided was not enough to provide an incentive for medical providers to retain patients during subacute phase recovery. SNF was reimbursed with cost limits, the total amount needed to treat subacute patient normally goes beyond the SNF cost limit. This means that the amount dispersed for treating heavy care or subacute were inadequate. There are several theories of organizational behavior and communication that could have assisted PM from collapsing, one of it is structuration theory, this theory was developed by Anthony Giddens (Andrew, Richard, and Catherine, 1989). In this theory, leaders make decisions and choices that can limit what can be done in an organization. The decision to introduce PPS did not work well with the medical providers and it limited the choices of PM, but with proper communication, the organization could have updated their types of equipment and introduce other people with new ideas and innovative programs to drive the organization. The management should have come up with the meaningful solution to the complex problem facing the organization using innovative technological solution that could have provided answers to the problems facing PM. According to Douglas McGregor, there are two types of organizational behavior theories, these are theory x and theory Y. in theory X the manager believes that the workers are lazy and cannot be trusted, in theory, Y, the managers believe that the workers are trustworthy and capable of assuming responsibility (Andrew, Richard, and Catherine, 1989). This theory could have been important in PM since it could have promoted management understanding of employees’ motivation.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Profit Pathology and Disposable Planet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Profit Pathology and Disposable Planet - Essay Example Both â€Å"Flow† and â€Å"Pathology† address crucial problems that endanger people’s lives. â€Å"Flow† is a documentary directed by Irene Salina in 2008 and introduces the difficulty many people around the world have in finding clean water and how chemicals have contaminated drinkable water around the world. It is common knowledge that water is indispensable for survival; however, the reality is that water is becoming scare throughout the world. As stated in â€Å"Flow†: â€Å"The world is running out of fresh water.† This dramatic observation represents a real threat to millions of people around the world compelled to drink dirty water. This scarcity of fresh water is related to the pollution caused by companies whose chemical products contaminate the water. â€Å"Flow† presents examples from Mexico, Bolivia, India and South Africa where people die after drinking contaminated water. This pollution is a point Michael Parenti denounce s in his article. He indeed presents pollution as s threat to people’s health and survival. Indicating the companies’ involvement in the pollution, he states: â€Å"This corporate system of capital accumulation treats the Earth's life-sustaining resources (arable land, groundwater, wetlands, foliage, forests, fisheries, ocean beds, bays, rivers, air quality) as disposable ingredients presumed to be of limitless supply, to be consumed or toxified at will†. ... He indeed presents pollution as s threat to people’s health and survival. Indicating the companies’ involvement in the pollution, he states: â€Å"This corporate system of capital accumulation treats the Earth's life-sustaining resources (arable land, groundwater, wetlands, foliage, forests, fisheries, ocean beds, bays, rivers, air quality) as disposable ingredients presumed to be of limitless supply, to be consumed or toxified at will† (Parenti). He clearly denounces the destruction of the world’s resources and the toxic chemicals companies discharge in them therefore threatening people’s health and lives. Similarly â€Å"Monsanto† and Parenti’s article also share the same concern about the deadly effects of chemicals and the invincibility of the multinationals that have total control over the organizations supposed to regulate the fields. This documentary directed by Marie-Monique Robin in 2008 presents Monsanto, a multinational agri cultural biotechnology corporation, involved in the production of herbicide and genetically engineered seeds. Even though Monsanto claims â€Å"to help farmers produce better crops† (Monsanto) there is a growing controversy concerning the health risks that the products constitute. In fact, some studies find that the herbicide, Round up, and other chemicals â€Å"Provoke the first stages that lead to cancer† (Monsanto). Because of these health risks, workers and researchers raise the question of safety; however, their concerns did not find easy answers since they soon found out that the company was very powerful and well-grounded. Their priority was not the safety of their workers or the environment but to make profit. One of the company’s reports indicates: â€Å"We cannot afford to lose

Monday, July 22, 2019

HP Pendrive Creative Brief Essay Example for Free

HP Pendrive Creative Brief Essay The HP Brand is a â€Å"lifestyle† brand that provides electronic gadgets. PROJECT BACKGROUND Wheather you are very much active in computer and need to transfer lots of office presentations,works,songs,movies HP provides pendrives to fit your kind of lifestyle.It had developed itself to cater to those who are active and value transfering files,music,movies etc.HP provides a varity of pendrives for the purpose of being used from being extremely active to just relaxing.Where their pendrives fit a whole spectrum of daily activities,the problem still exists of getting computer users to choose the HP Pendrives over its competition. Hp Pendrive needs to prove that it is a brnd of EVERY lifestyle.Therefore,the purpose of this campaign is to show HP Pendrives being used and abused in all kinds of everyday lifestyles. TARGET AUDIENCE 15-70 years old males,females who involve with computer to whatever lifestyle they live.The audience will cover the entire spectrum of â€Å"computer users† from hard-core corporate person to those who study in school.Whatever the activity, the key is that they involve to share files,movies,musics etc. Advertising Objective Create consumer demand and awareness for HP Pendrive. CONSUMER MESSAGE Pendrive made specifically for your lifestyle. KEY CONSUMER BENEFIT HP provides durable and quality pendrive,no matter what you are doing. BENEFIT SUPPORT Durability allowing you to continue with your active daily lifestyle without worrying abou ruining your pendrive. HP provides upto 64 GB pendrive. Small in size.So, it is easy to carry anywhere. COMPETITION Transcend,Sony,Kingstone.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Analysis Of The Cuban Missile Crisis History Essay

Analysis Of The Cuban Missile Crisis History Essay Introduction The Cuban Missile Crisis was an event occurred in October 1962 when the USA detected that the USSR had deployed medium range missiles in Cuba, which was ninety miles away from Florida. It was the period that the cold war reached its peak because of the possible confrontation between the two superpowers, the US and the USSR, at the time. The Cuban Missiles Crisis was a very important part of the world history because of the risk of nuclear war that could lead to the destruction of the world. Therefore, it is very fascinating to identify what happen before the crisis, the causes, the actual events in the crisis, and the impacts of the crisis (Rich 2003, 416-428). Prior to the Crisis The Cuban Revolution, began in 1956, was the outcome of extensive economic oppression of Cuba by the USA. During Batistas, the ruthless ruler of Cuba, regime, Cuba per capita income was twice greater than other countries in general. The Cuban economy was controlled by the USA, which owned 90% of Cubas telephone and electronic services, 50% of Cubas railway, and 40% of Cubas sugar production (Johnson 1965,p 443). Furthermore, the USA put a very strict controlled on Cuban sugar production. The USA also controlled Cuban import quota, divided lands in to estates, and forced the Cuban farmers to grow monoculture crop, which was sugar (Dye Sicotte 2011, p.674). These USAs investments in Cuba were massive. By the end of Batistas rule, Cuba had the highest investment from the USA than any other countries in Latin America at that time; thus, Cubas per capital income was the highest in Latin America (Johnson 1965, p. 445). However, the distribution of wealth was not equally distributed. The ma jority of people were illiterate, and the mortality rate was very high because the health care system was not extended to the poor in the rural areas, who remained in poverty (Mabry 2003). Furthermore, Batista was a corrupted dictator, and a pro western ruler. These political and economic oppressions from Batiste and the USA inspired Fidel Castro, the charismatic revolution leader, to revolt for reforms (Rich 2003, p. 417). Between 1956 to 1959, Fidel Castro, Ernesto Che Guevera, and his younger brother Rual used the tactic Guerilla warfare to fight against Batistas army at Mount Sierra Maestra in Cuba where he gained support from the local framers. The guerrilla warfare proved to be successful. On January 1959, Castro and his troops were able to overthrown Batista and his government. After the overthrown of Batista government, Fidel Castro set up a shadow government consisted of major Cuban political figures. Still, the majority of power was in the hand of Castro. When the shadow government failed to put forward his reforms, he dismissed them, and took control of the government as he appointed himself Cubas prime minister (Rich 2003, p 418). Two months after the victory of the Guerrilla force, Castro paid his first visit to the USA where his story was romanticized by the media. He was supposed to have a meeting with Eisenhower; however, the President refused to have a meeting with him, and went to the golf court. He was accommodated by Nixon, who was the vice president at that time. During the meeting, he refused to accept USA financial support because he believed that it would continue the USA influence in Cuba. After Castro visited the USA, the relation between the USA and Cuba began to decline (Rich 2003, 419). One month after the visit, Fidel Castro began his reforms. He nationalized Cuban lands, cattle ranch, bank, railroads, oil, and other utilities, which were once owned by the USA (Perez 2011, p. 230-231). On the other hands, the relation between the Cuba and the USSR had become more dynamic. In order to reach economic independency from the USA, Castro turned to the USSR for support. As a result, in 1960, Cuba trade with the USA declined to 0%; while, trade with the USSR increased to 43% (Leogrande Thomas 2002, p 325-363). The Bay of Pig Invasion The Bay of Pig Invasion, January 3, 1961, was the CIAs plan to overthrown Castro government by launching thousand of Cuban exiles on Cubas Bay of Pigs believing that only thousand of trained exiles would be able to overthrown Castro government. However, the mission was a total failure because the Cuban army was already waiting for the Cuban exiles at the Bay of Pigs. As a result, one hundred people were killed and thousands of people were taken as political prisoners. The Bay of Pigs invasion was the last Eisenhower administration plan, which took action during Kennedy presidency (Rich 2003,p. 420). There were several reasons for the causes of the Bay of Pigs Invasion. However, the main reason was the US insecurity of its decline in Latin America domination. The USA based their policy on Latin America policy accordingly to the Monroe Doctrine, which stated that the USA must contain its influence in the Latin America (Perez 2011, P.233). In other words, the idea that the communist Cub a could influence other Latin America countries to transform their political systems to communism was intolerable for the USAs standard (Ferguson 1961, 288-290). Causes The Soviet Unions Hidden Agendas There were several reasons for the USSR to installed missile in Cuba. According to Khrushchev, his two main motives were to balance the missile gap between the USA and the USSR, and to prevent any further America invasion on Cuba (Cimbala 1999, p. 199). Khrushchev believed that the only way to prevent Cuba from the USA invasion was to install missiles in Cuba (Allyn et al 1989-1990, p.138). He believed that it would protect the Cuban national pride. Moreover, in 1959, the US installed Jupiter and Thor missiles, intermediate-range ballistic missiles, in Turkey, which pointed directly at the USSR. Furthermore, during the 50s and the 60s the US had advanced the USSR in terms of the arm race, therefore, Khrushchev decided to deploy missiles in Cuba as a mean to for the USSR to reach symmetry with the USA, which would provide him with negotiation power for the missile trade. He wanted to propose to US that the USSR would remove missiles from Cuba if the USA would remove missiles from Turk ey (Allyn, Blight Welch 1989-1990, p.139). His motive to reach symmetry in terms of arm race with the USA could be seen as a mean for the USSR to boost its nation prestige. If the USA could deploy missiles in Turkey and Italy, the USSR could also deploy missiles in Cuba, which was ninety miles away from the USA (ibid). Nevertheless, President John F. Kennedy already planned to remove the Jupiter missiles from Turkey. (Berstein 1980, p. 120-121). Thus, there should be hidden agendas under Khrushchevs actions. According to many American scholars, the deployment of missiles in Cuba were Khrushchevs plans to test USA reaction for future war, to demonstrate the USSR nuclear superiority to the Soviet and Chinese governments, to persuade the USA that the arm race was useless, and to increase Khrushchev popularity at home and in the Communist bloc, so that he could have freedom to reduce USSR arm built (Cimbala 1999, p. 199). Cuban insecurity The main reason for Cuba agreement on the installation of missile with the USSR was its insecurity. After the Bay of Pig Invasion in 1961, the CIA planed many assassin plots on Fidel Castro. According to the BBC, the CIA and the Cuban exiles came up with more than 600 plots to assassinate him. The plots varied from poisoning, car bombs, to massive underwater explosion. The suspects involved in the plot varied from the mafias to one of Castros ex lovers (Campbell 2009, n.d.). One of the assassination plots that actually took place was a strafe in Havana hotel by Alpha 66, which killed several Cubans and Soviet technicians (Brenner 1990, p.121). On the same hand, the USA began a serious trade embargo against Cuba. If other countries trade with Cuba, they would not receive financial aids from the USA. The Cuban government viewed the USs policy as a mean to weakening the Castro government by weakening Cubas economy (Brenner 1990, p. 188). Moreover, the Cuban intelligent discovered that t he CIA planed another invasion on Cuba, Operation Mongoose, which would be more substantial than the previous invasion. In order for the Cuban government to protect Cuba sovereignty, they believed that they need military aids from the USSR (Brenner 1990, p. 189). Therefore, Castro decided to let the USSR installed missiles on their island. The Crisis and the Resolution In 1962, the USSR sent a cargo ship to Cuba. The ship carried sixty missiles with forty launchers, and 40,000 Soviet technicians for the deployment of middle range missiles in Cuba (Kozak 2009, p. 19). On October 14, the U-2, USA spy plane, spotted missiles in Cuba, which pointed directly to the US. The US intelligent informed the President on October 17 (Berstein 1980, p.9). After the President was informed, there was a meeting between President John F. Kennedy and the EXCOMM, the Committee of the national Security. Many plans were proposed during the meeting. One of the most obvious plans was the scheme to use air strike to remove missiles from Cuba. However, Robert Kennedy, John F. Kennedys younger brother, advised the President not to use air strike because there was no way to guarantee that the air strike could remove all of the missiles from Cuba. If the air strike could not remove all missiles from Cuba, it would give the Cubans time to deploy missiles against the USA. Similar ly to the air strike, any military strikes against the Cuban could lead the Cubans to deploy missiles against the USA. Therefore, President Kennedy and his advisors came up with the naval blockade method as a way to deal with the Cubans (Rich 2003, p. 422). On October 22 John F. Kennedy announced to the media that the Cubans had deployed missiles against the USA with the aid from the USSR. He informed the media of the quarantine, naval blockade, as a mean to bloc USSR ship that carried missile to Cuba, and if the USSR did not turn or stop its cargo ships from entering Cuba, there would be consequences (Weimasma, Larson 1997, p. 13). However, the USSRs cargo ships did not turn back, but its cargo ships did not break the USA quarantine. It seemed that the confrontation between the USSR and the US could happen anytime (Weimasma, Larson 1997, p. 13). Nevertheless, from October 22 to 28, President JFK and Chairman Khrushchev exchanged several letters. Kennedy received Khrushchevs second letter on October 26. The letter proposed that the USSR would remove missiles from Cuba if the USA removed the Jupiter missiles from Turkey and, and that JFK must make a promise in front of the public that the USA would never invade Cuba (Thinkquest Cuban m issile crisis: letters, 1997). On October 27, one day after Khrushchev second letter was sent, the USs U-2 plane was shot down in Cuba. This act was seen by some of American politician as an invitation to start war. This is the quote from Secretary of Defense McNamara `This means war with the Soviet Union. However, because of the secret meeting between Robert Kennedy and Soviet ambassador Dobrynin, the situation was able to cool down. Robert Kennedy assured that the President would remove the missiles in Turkey (Weimasma, Larson 1997, p. 21) On October 28, JFK sent Khrushchev another letter proposed that in exchange for the USSR to uninstall missiles from Cuban soil within the UN inspection, the USA would never invade Cuba, and secretly uninstall missiles from Turkey. Khrushchev accepted the proposal from President Kenndy; thus, both countries were able to resolve their conflicts. In essence, the Cuban Missile Crisis was able to resolve because the USA accepted the USSR proposal. I t removed missiles from Turkey, and made a public announcement that it would never invade Cuba. On the same hand, Khrushchev accepted the USA proposal, and uninstalled missiles from Cuba within inspectors from UN observation (Thinkquest Cuban missile crisis: letters, 1997). Nevertheless, JFKs motives to secretly remove of the missiles in Turkey and Italy should be emphasized. Why would he need to do it secretly? According to many scholars, he was afraid of national resistance from the government and the American citizens as well as losing support from them (Weimasma, Larson 1997, p. 23). Impacts The Cuban Missiles Crisis left several impacts on the USA and the USSR foreign policy. The first impact was the increase in communication between the US and the USSR. Because of the crisis, both superpowers had realized that they needed to improve communication between the two countries to prevent any forms of crisis from occurring again (Rich 2003, p.425). As a result, a hotline was installed between the USAs president and the USSRs chairman (ibid). Moreover, because of the potential confrontation between the two superpowers, which could lead to nuclear war, President Kennedy began to favor the idea of coexistence (Billingsley, p.6). Therefore, after the crisis, there was a temporary period of dà ©tente, the period that the cold war heat cools down (Billingsley p.7). In addition, in August 5, 1963, the USA and the USSR both signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. The treaty forbidden the testing of nuclear weapons on the earth surface, space, and underwater (Rich 2003, p.427). However, the treaty itself was futile because it did not stop the built up of nuclear weapons, and prevent China from obtaining the nuclear weapons on the following year (Rich 2003, p. 428). Subsequently, the USA and the USSR continue the arm race for another twenty five years. They also competed in terms of strategic gaining (Billingsley p.6). Furthermore, the treaty caused the relation between the USSR and China to decline. Because of the treaty, China concluded that the USSR was being weak, and more importantly, sold its soul to the capitalist camp. Hence, China broke out from the USSRs spear of influence and gained the status of superpower by itself. This caused the balance of power to become imbalance (Rich 2003, p. 428). After the Cuban Missile Crisis, most of the USs oversea policy was focused on the Americanization of Vietnam and the Vietnam War, which required full attention from the USA military resources (Rich 2003, p. 423). Conclusion In conclusion, the major events prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis were the Cuban Revolution, and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. The main causes of the crisis were the Soviet Union hidden agendas and the Cuban insecurity, which was caused by the United States of America. During the crisis, President John F. Kennedy and Chairman Khrushchev exchanged many letters before the resolution could be made. The period of the crisis was the period that the cold war reached its peak because both superpowers almost confront each other. If they had confronted each other, the use of nuclear weapons could have happened. After the crisis, the USSR removed missiles from Cuba under the UN supervision in exchanged for the USA to remove the Jupiter missiles in Turkey, and to never invade Cuba. The impacts of the Cuban Missile Crisis were the improvement in communication between the USA and the USSR. A hot line was established between both countries leaders. Moreover, President Kennedy began to view the USA rel ationship with the USSR in terms of coexistence. As a result, there was a period of detente, and agreement of the Nuclear Test Treaty Ban, which was signed by the USA and the USSR. However, the nuclear competition still continued for the next 25 years. Furthermore, both countries began the competition in the new area, which was the strategic competition.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Debromination and Bromination of Cholesterol

Debromination and Bromination of Cholesterol Bromination/debromination which is an important organic reaction that aims in purification of crude cholesterol from impurities which include 3-cholestanol, 7-cholesten-3-ol, and 5,7-chlestadien-3-ol was performed in a laboratory scale for two weeks. Due to steric constraints, only cholesterol reacted with bromine and crystallized from the solution making it possible to be separated (Feiser, and Williamson 63). The dibromocholesterol formed is regenerated by reacting with Zinc dust. In addition, three methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness. These were Sodium Iodide test, Silver Nitrate test, and Sulfuric acid test. NaI test showed a positive response as color changed to yellow. The formation of the precipitate also indicated a positive result. The sodium iodide reagent reacted with 1 ° and 2 ° alkyl halides through an SN2 mechanism.  On the other hand, the silver nitrate reagent reacted with 2 ° and 3 ° alkyl halides through an SN1 mechanism.   Negative results w ere observed for both the commercial cholesterol and 1-chlorobutane (Zubrick 38). Conversely, the t-butyl chloride gave a positive result for the AgNO3  test and a negative result for the NaI test. The synthesized cholesterol was 0.29 gram and the theoretical yield was 1.08 gram. This gave a percent yield of 26.9 gram. Although this was a low yield the TLC analysis confirmed a high purity of the synthesized cholesterol. The melting point of the synthesized cholesterol and commercial cholesterol seems to fall in the same range. This confirms the purity of the synthesized cholesterol. TLC analysis was carried out to confirm the purity of the analysis. The distance traveled by commercial cholesterol was 5.5 whereas that travelled by the synthesized cholesterol was 4.6. The absence of other spots on the TLC plate confirms that there were no contaminations present in the sample. Introduction Cholesterol is an important steroidal compound found in both animals and plants. Despite the fact that cholesterol causes diseases, it plays a vital role in life. For example, cholesterol is the main structural component in cell walls and in myelin sheath formation. It is also a major precursor for most steroid hormones. Crude cholesterol is isolated from natural sources and various methods have been used in its purification. Crude cholesterol contains approximately 3-5% contamination. Some of the contaminants are 3-cholestanol, 7-cholesten-3-ol, and 5,7-chlestadien-3-ol shown below. Some common contaminants of commercial cholesterol The main objective of this experiment was to purify commercial cholesterol using organic reaction chemistry, including the use of the electrophilic addition. For complete purification of cholesterol from the above impurities is achieved by a reaction of bromine with cholesterol to generate dibromocholesterol. Because of the steroid ring structure present in these compounds that causes steric constraints, only cholesterol reacts with bromine to form an insoluble diaxial dibromo compound through electrophilic addition. On the other hand, cholestanal does not react with bromine and the other two contaminants are dehydrogenated by bromine leading to formation of soluble dienes and trienes respectively. The dibromo-cholesterol precipitates as a solid leaving the other impurities in the reaction solvent. A purification step such as solvent washing or crystallization is carried out to separate the solid from the impurities. The solid dibrom o-cholesterol is then reacted with zinc in order to regenerate pure cholesterol. Reaction Scheme for the Bromination/Debromination of Cholesterol To test the effectiveness of this reaction three different chemical tests namely sodium iodide in acetone, silver nitrate in ethanol test, and sulfuric acid test, were performed. Each of these tests is selective for a specific functional group. Dibromocholesterol contains both primary and secondary alkyl halides and reacts with a sodium iodide in acetone and silver nitrate in ethanol to form a precipitate or a cloudy solution. In addition, the presence of double bonds in dibromocholesterol in form of alkene makes it possible for the formation of a fluorescent green sulfuric acid layer and a red chloroform layer when reacted with sulfuric acid (Landgrebe 78). Material and Methods 1g of commercial cholesterol was added to a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 7 mL t-butylmethyl ether was measured with a graduated cylinder and added to the flask containing the cholesterol and a magnetic stir bar. A water bath was then set up on the hotplate in the hood. The Erlenmeyer flask contain the reaction solution was inserted into the water bath and clamped as shown below. The heat and the stirrer were turned on and gently heat until all the cholesterol dissolved in t-butylmethyl ether. The flask was removed from the water bath after all the cholesterol was completely dissolved and allowed to cool to room temperature. After the cholesterol solution was cooled, the flask was clamped to the ring on the hot plate as shown in figure 4 and stirred without heating. A burette was then used to dispense 5 mL of bromine solution into the flask. A precipitate solution formed almost immediately. The water bath was replaced with ice and tap water and the reaction solution stirred intermittently with a glass stir rod for ~ 10 minutes to complete the crystallization of the product. About 20 mL of the t-butylmethyl ether acetic acid solution was then dispensed in a clean 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask which was clamped to a ring stand and allowed to cool in the ice bath. A vacuum filtration was done using a Buchner funnel and filter paper. The solid in the filter was washed using ~10 mL of the cooled solution of t-butylmethyl ether acetic acid and then with ~10 ml of methanol. The solid was then allowed to dry with the vacuum on for about 5 minutes. the dibromocholesterol melting point was measured and recorded. The dry solid was weighted and sealed in a vial and stored for next experiment. To debrominate cholesterol, 20 mL of t-butylmethyl ether, 5 mL of acetic acid and 0.2 g of Zn dust were added into the Erlenmeyer flask containing the dibromocholesterol solid. The mixture was swir led for 5-10 minutes in the hood and sonicated in 5 minutes to allow the reaction to go completion. After sonication the solids present were removed by gravity filtration method into a clean 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The filtrate was transferred to a 125 mL separatory funnel in which 20 mL of deionized water was added, shaken and allowed to separate into layers. The two layers formed were then separated as water layers and organic (ether) layers. The ether layer was washed with 20 mL of 10% NaOH and then 20 mL of saturated NaCl solution. 100mg of the drying agent magnesium sulfate was added to the organic layer and the solution swirled until dry. The drying agent was removed by gravity filtration using a glass funnel fluted filter paper and a very dry 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The flask was placed in a warm water bath and then ice cooled for 10 minutes until all but 5 mL of the ether remained following a precipitate formation from the solution. The remaining solvent was decanted and th e synthesized cholesterol transferred and allowed to dry in the hood for 20 minutes.The dry solid was weighed and the weight recorded. In addition the melting point was also taken and recorded. To evaluate the effectiveness of the bromination reaction three chemical reactions mentioned above were carried out. NaI in acetone test Five test tubes labeled A, B, C, D and E were used for this test.   About 30 mg of the commercial cholesterol starting material was added to tube A; ~30 mg of dibromocholesterol to tube B; ~30 mg of the synthesized cholesterol product to tube C; ~0.3 mL of 1-chlorobutane to tube D; and ~ 0.3 mL of t-butyl chloride to tube E.   In addition, about 3 mL of acetone was added to each tube to completely dissolve all the compounds.   Solutions A-E was used to do the NaI in acetone test as well as the AgNO3 in ethanol test. Tubes A-C did the TLC as well. The NaI in Acetone and AgNO3 in Ethanol tests were performed by setting up a test tube rack containing ten small test tubes. The test tubes were labeled N1 N5 and A1 A5. 1 mL of NaI in acetone reagent was added to test tubes N1 N5, and 1 mL of AgNO3 in ethanol reagent to test tubes A1 A5. This was followed by adding 5-8 drops of A solution to test tube N1 and tube A1, 5-8 drops of solution B to test tube N2 and tube A2, 5-8 drops of solution C to to test tube N3 and tube A3, 5-8 drops of solution C to test tube N4 and tube A4, and 5-8 drops of solution C to test tube N5 and tube A5. The test tubes were heated for a while and all the observations recorded. The sulfuric acid for alkenes test was performed by additional solutions of cholesterol and dibromocholesterol with five dry-cleaned test tubes 1-5. 10 mg of commercial cholesterol was placed in tube 1, ~10mg of the dibromocholesterol to tube 2 ~10 mg of your synthesized cholesterol to tube 3, ~10 mg of 2-chlorobutane to tube 4, and 10 mg of cyclohexene to tube 5.  About 1 mL of chloroform (CHCl3) was added to each tube and vortex to completely dissolve all solids.   In addition, 0.5 mL of H2SO4 was then added to each tube. The observation for this reaction was recorded in the notebook. The TLC analysis of cholesterol and dibromocholesterol was performed by obtaining a silica gel TLC plate and setting it up to run TLC analysis on solutions A-C above. The plate was spotted with each solution and developed by placing the plate using 30% ethyl acetate: 70% hexane as the mobile phase. The developed plates were viewed under UV lamp and in the I2 chamber and observations recorded. Discussion The yield of the synthesized cholesterol was .29 grams (Table 1). The theoretical yield was 1.08 grams. The actual yield was calculated by taking the difference of the weight of the round bottom flask and the synthesized cholesterol by the synthesized cholesterols weight alone. The percent yield was calculated to be 26.9 percent. The synthesize process was not efficient due to the low yield and percent yield of the synthesized cholesterol. The melting point of the synthesized cholesterol and commercial cholesterol seems to fall in the same range. This confirms the purity of the synthesized cholesterol. NaI test showed a positive response as color changed to yellow. The formation of the precipitate also indicated a positive result. The sodium iodide reagent reacted with 1 ° and 2 ° alkyl halides through an SN2 mechanism.  On the other hand, the silver nitrate reagent reacted with 2o and 3 ° alkyl halides through an SN1 mechanism.   Negative results were observed for both the commercial cholesterol and 1-chlorobutane. Conversely, the t-butyl chloride gave a positive result for the AgNO3  test and a negative result for the NaI test. The stationary phase of the TLC test was the silica gel TLC plate and the mobile phase was 30% Ethyl Acetate/70% Hexane (Table 6). The distance traveled by commercial cholesterol was 5.5, and for the synthesized cholesterol was 4.6. The difference in the distance traveled and the R f values of the samples commercial and synthesized cholesterol were pure. Since there were no other spots visible on the TLC plate was a clear indication that there were no contaminations of other chemical compounds present in the sample.

Invasion of Normandy Essay -- WWII World War 2 American History

Invasion of Normandy Invasion of Normandy, also known as D-Day or Operation Overlord, was a cross channel attack planned by the allies that took place over the English channel. Not only was D-Day the largest amphibious assault the world had seen, it was a critical point in World War II. (Locke, Alain, ed. Pg 203) The Invasion of Normandy is when the allies decided that they must take an offense and invade Germany on their home land if Hitler was to be stopped. The allies put all of their power together, for failure was not an option. If the invasion was to fail it was quite likely that the United States would have to postpone their fight against Germany and turn their full attention to the war in the Pacific, leaving the fate of Europe to Britain and the Soviet Union. Chances are that by the time the United states returned to fight Germany, Hitler would have overrun the continent since all of Britain's resources had been drained, leaving the majority of the fighting to the Soviet Union. Towards the end of November 1943, President Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met in Tehran for the first meeting about how to invade Germany. Roosevelt and the prime minister had already agreed that it would be best to launch a cross-channel attack, code named Overlord. President Roosevelt was in full favor of launching operation Overlord as soon as the weather permitted. With Stalin's agreement to join in, operation Overlord was set for May 1944, depending on the weather. (Anderson, Jervis. Pg 86) American General Dwight D. Eisenhower was named supreme commander for the allies in Europe. British General, Sir Frederick Morgan, established a combined American-British headquarters known as COSSAC, for Chief of Staff to the Supreme... ..., Steve Pg 53)eyes focused somewhere else while the main part of the war took place on five beaches. With the exception of Omaha beach, the rest were reasonably easy compared to past battles. Work Cited Anderson, Jervis. World War II. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1982. Bloom, Harold, ed. Conflicts during World War II. New York: Pantheon, 1993. Huggins, Nathan. World War II in picture. London: Oxford University Press, 1989. Lewis, David Levering, ed. D-Day. New York: Penguin 1994. Locke, Alain, ed. The Longest Day. New York: Atheneum, 1992. Studio Museum, The. Music, the once great art. New York: Abrams, 1987 Watson, Steve. Nothing Less then Victory. New York: Pantheon, 1995 Candaela, Kerry. The Voices of D-Day. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1997. Daniel, Mips. Weapons of World War II. New York: Pantheon, 1995

Friday, July 19, 2019

A Look at Meditation Essay -- Meditation Health Medical Essays

A Look at Meditation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this modern day and age, the negative effects of stress are unavoidable. People have tried various methods to help cope with stress, everything from exercise and diet to alternative methods like biofeedback. However, the most effective method to deal with stress is not one of these modern methods but rather a 5,000 year-old idea: Meditation. Meditation not only helps reduce the negative effects of stress, but also leads to a better sense of well-being by uniting mind and body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The basic principles and practices of meditation are rooted in Hinduism, an Asian religion whose followers believe that the soul is eternal and maintains an eternal relationship with God. Hindus believe that because the soul is eternal, it must reincarnate in various forms to retain this everlasting relationship. Thousands of young people flocked to the ideas of Hinduism in the 1970's to escape the drug culture of the times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the troubled youth of the 1970's matures into the professionals of the 1990's, the practice of meditation has been incorporated into the medical field and studied for its effect on the body and mind. The physical practice of meditation slows and calms the body, lowering blood pressure and heart rate with the use of deep breathing exercises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The calming of the body in itself works to fight stress but those who meditate say that meditation also helps to replenish the mind. The mind, along with the body, needs to feel at peace. In the hustle and bustle of the technological age, we often seek out materialistic means of happiness. Some pursue hobbies that like rock climbing that present both physical and mental challenges to satisfy this need while others stretch out in front of the television to relax.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We approach our search for a better sense of well-being on a superficial level instead of dealing with the issues that are the root cause of our pain. We don't really understand what happiness is and therefore spend our time and energy trying to get rid of the pain instead of confronting it. If we turn to meditation to guide us through the journey of self-awareness. If an individual is aware of the cause of his pain, he can better understand it and cope instead of letting it determine the course of his life. It is not the actual event that produces a stressful response, but r... ...pier and healthier than she did in college due to the growth of consciousness. "Whatever you apply yourself to, you are more successful."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  La Fave says that with time and practice, the mind and body can be peaceful and potentially stressful situations no longer have power to cause the body harm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Maharishi Vedic University is currently putting together a curriculum for the development of human consciousness that not only teaches meditation but also a healthier way of life. They are located off the capitol square at 23 N. Pickney and can be reached at (608)255-4447. La Fave encourages anyone interested in learning about meditation to call or stop by.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The search for a better sense of well-being is a life-long one. What makes an individual feel satisfaction and inner peace changes as time goes by but are rarely achieved without training the mind. Meditation forces its practitioner to return to the self, to confront the obstacles of life, not push them away. Works Cited: "Krishna-izing the World" by Richard Vara, "The Houston Chronicle, Feb. 2, 1991. "Opening Up to Happiness" by Mark Epstein, M.D., "Psychology Today", July August 1993.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Activism Awareness Essay

Do you think celebrity activism is a positive or negative thing? That’s the question. To me, I think celebrity activism has a very positive effect on society and should become more popular. More celebrities should become activists because activists have a long successful history, celebrity activism helps draw attention to all different kinds of issues & activism gives celebrities an opportunity to use their wealth for the good of something greater than themselves. Celebrity activism really helps out the less fortunate and gives back to the community. Since a lot of celebrities got their fame from the fans & paparazzi, they should be thanking them anyways. As you can see, celebrity activism should be applauded as it stimulates awareness and attracts attention to all different kinds of purposes. First off, celebrity activists have been successful for a while. According to the authors of the article, celebrities have a â€Å"long history of using their fame to support their favorite causes and charities,† which shows that is has been successful. (Chittom) This is an important statement because it shows that celebrities that actually devote time to helping out causes and events result in a strong and positive way. Since celebrity activism has been around for a while, that must mean something. Activism wouldn’t be around for this long if it was pointless and is ineffective on society. For example, the article states that in the 1980s the overnight success of Band Aid and USA for Africa raised significant funds for famine relief in Africa. If that much progress was made in the 1980s, imagine how big of an effect celebrity activism has on the world today. Secondly, celebrity activism helps raise awareness for many different causes. This being said, celebrity activism helps draw attention to â€Å"environmental, medical, political, and social issues.†(Chittom) One well known activist who raised awareness for all kinds of categories is an Irish singer, Bono. He was part of a music group called Band Aid. The group had a top selling single and all profits went to famine relief in Ethiopia. In two decades, Bono has become the busiest and most involved celebrity activists. Bono has been involved in raising awareness for multiple of the categories I listed above, along with a whole bunch of other activists. So if people think celebrity activism only helps out only one cause, they’re wrong. As you can see, celebrity activism helps out a big variety of problems and issues. Lastly, celebrity activism gives celebrities a chance to use their fame for something else besides benefiting themselves. Activism is â€Å"an opportunity for celebrities to use their wealth and notoriety for something greater them themselves.† (Chittom) This means that way too many celebrities care about themselves. They don’t give any consideration for the people who are less fortunate than they are. Maybe they don’t have the time, but they might just be ignorant instead. Activism allows celebrities to get involved and work for something to help make a difference for others. So, the bottom line is if celebrities chose activism, it would let them help out other people instead of just caring about themselves. Now, celebrities lack at being spokespeople for events because their busy careers and lifestyles doesn’t allow them to fully commit or it results in celebrities showing â€Å"negative publicity.† (Belanger) This being said does weaken my argument and point of view because it is all true. A lot of celebrities don’t have spare time whatsoever. Some celebrities have every day of their life planned for the next year ahead or maybe even more than that. But being said from the two authors who said this, they also stated that there is a positive side to activism, since they have such a â€Å"high profile status,† (Belanger) they can bring attention to many kinds of causes. So even though celebrities might not be fully committed, even a little bit of dedication can help make a change. To sum everything up, celebrity activism is a very good thing and increase and become more common. Celebrities should consider participating in activism because it really does help in giving back to society. Since celebrities are so popular, it can help draw attention to events that originally not get a lot of attention. Now that you’ve hear my argument, do you think celebrity activism is a positive or negative thing?

Kaplan university science Essay

This assignment concerning the differences between reputable source and equivocal sources is in regards to system of fishs loss programs. at that place are so many diametrical programs available to the public. Unfortunately they are a good deal from a questionable source consisting witching(prenominal) pills and supplements and marketed as the recommendations of a apparently practicing physician who has conducted scientific research of sorts that will stern up his claims. Many times it is give tongue to or at least implied that there is absolutely no necessary transpose in diet or lifestyle needed. I think this makes their products a best-seller because it feeds into the fears and insecurities of the node as well as the trick of something for nothing. For example, there is a new cult of weight supplements by Dr. Oz. Oprah and Other Celebrates fall back 4lbs a Week of BellyFat With This Secret That Readers quarter Try NowAccording to Dr. Travis Stork, Garcenia lam E xtreme works in more(prenominal) than one way. The first way is it goes in and causes the body to prick glucose, or kale, and burn fat mainly in the liver.The entropy way, the most important way, is it slows the release of bread into the bloodstream. So, when you dont have sugar building up because sugar turns to fat. When the twain combine together, you get this synergistic feat that basically burns and blocks and stops fat, just it is also natural and safe. (Dr. Oz n.d.) The advertizement goes on further to provide quotes from seemingly satisfied customers whom boast of unprecedented weight loss in record prisonbreak time without changing a angiotensin converting enzyme thing in their daily single-valued function or diet. However, there are medical weight loss programs which are the solution of legitimate and peer reviewed research.These programs offer no magic pills or supplements but do provide tested and proven facts concerning sinewy and sustainable weight loss generate by a routine usance regimen, signifi nookiet reduction in calorie intake, and dramatic lifestyle changes. None of which is by any means easy. But, this is the program that can confidently guarantee amazing weight loss results and deliver. For example, Specialist dietitians competent in Counterweight Programme delivery conducted two four-hour training sessions and a further 3 hour sessions after 6 months to unify the initial training.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Narcotics

The communion capabilities of specialised selective informationbases within the reprehensible justness corpse, has been intensify by the supporter of applied science. Technology has many several(a) forms in spend today within the out jurisprudence rightness field. Systems such as the IRIS contemplates and agile entropy terminals or MET for short, be electronically move on(a) tools for equity enforcement work. For the plain matter of this particular root my intention is to discuss and compargon different forms of narrow down selective informationbases.Also provided ar some of the negative and positive do cod to all the peeled technologies in the rimming Justice field. Including those that be possessed of been and be presently being structured periodic law enforcement actions and activities. One such narrow down informationbase intentiond to help with communication is the mobile data terminal (MET). The mobile data terminal artifice is used in eme rgency and transit vehicles to overhaul with the dispatch or central office (91 1 Dispatch Online, 2011). Many guard agencies require officers to have this form of terminal outline usually in the form of wireless mobile installed in their vehicles.Law enforcement officers use this database to manage their workload in the center and too provide officers gain better efficiency regarding beat management. Mobile data terminals spare officers to have attack to status updates, dispatch receipts, and to separate units in geek that unit needs backup and/or assistance. sponsor communication between dispatch and officers happen on this device frequently in order to bonk where to go, to update their statuses, to call for assistance, and so forth IRIS watchs are a nonher form of narrow down database the condemnable Justice system uses frequently.The IRIS s back end is a rule of biometric identification in which pattern connection of the plaza is used to determine the identity o f a subject and/or suspect (Technology LLC, 2010). When identifying an individual IRIS scan may be quicker than retrieving fingerprints. IRIS designation and IRIS scan are without a disbelieve proven to be the most accurate shell of biometric devices the criminal Justice system has today. Utilizing a scan of different patterns in the eye are taken by a camera and then scanned. This kit and caboodle because Just like fingerprints no one persons eyeball are the very(prenominal).Everyones eyes contain different patterns that need them unique thereby asking the devices results accurate overdue to a persons eye patterns different from any other person. Communication in the criminal Justice system is amend by the utilization of this applied science. IRIS scans allow officers to determine if a person has already been refined in the criminal database as intimately as if they have a criminal history or background while allowing other Jurisdictions to be adequate to access the sa me forms of information even if the officers are not in the same town or city.IRIS scans and IRIS recognitions have only been used in the past decade and the overspent wants to continue to see this figure of engineering science advance and grow within the criminal Justice system (Technology LLC, 2010). Currently database access, watch lists, surety purposes, border crossings, passports, and computer logging are the of import uses of the IRIS database. The mobile data terminal is currently the most astray used in vehicle device in the criminal Justice system.Just by typing in a suspects take a crap or scanning a form of their identification, a screen out full of information comes up. This can include prior arrests, addresses, known associates, and aliases. The IRIS system although more advanced is not currently in may police vehicles and if it is they are usually a federal law enforcement vehicle. In comparison although the MET system is the most widely used and probably wil l be for a long time, the IRIS is the next evolution of this system.Both systems are very accurate and produce many of the same results. MET shows results when the information is scanned, typed in or relayed to the officer in another way. The IRIS scans the actual individual, stopping a suspect or offender from being adequate to(p) to lie about any detail of you they truly are. Thus providing the officer with a fake name impossible. The phrase the eyes cannot tell a lie, is a precept I think the IRIS has proven. For many of us in todays society technology is a major factor we depend on to stop our daily lives.New technologies create many positive piths towards communication. cellular phone phones, computers, IRIS scans and mobile data terminals, are only a few technological advances that have improved safety measures of officers while they patrol our communities. Cell phones are the greatest advancement of communication to date. Computers as well as the internet have increase d the costive aspects on communication they have allowed officers to organize, store, and process astronomic amounts of information and data that officers use daily.As technology grows, new advancements will continue to improve computer systems and data processing that the criminal Justice system uses on a daily basis. As with anything else with positives come negatives especially, in regards to technology. As a society we are so dependent on technology that if we were to lose the use of computers it would constitute a drastic negative effect on the criminal Justice system. Specifically he way officers gather, store, and share information and data.Advancements and the growth of technology have resulted in people to have to be trained over and over to keep informed of the new types of technology. Technology and the consistent advancing, changes and updating causes problems due to the time it may take for an officer and/or person to learn the ever changing forms and uses of technolo gy. comprise is another negative aspect of technology is that it be to upgrade many of the devices I. E. Computer systems, cell phones, and so forth And some law enforcement agencies ay not possess the monies inevitable to upgrade these devices.Modern technology has caused some to work swift and harder to stay abreast of all the new technologies that are being implemented into our Jobs almost on a daily basis. I would choose the mobile data terminal, if given the option to choose the type of specialized technology I wanted to use. Since this device is accommodating in storing large amounts of data while allowing information to be sent and received in a matter of seconds. Another reason is that the mobile data terminal has a built in GlobalPositioning system (GAPS) it would be very convenient to an officer who does not know the area well, but needs to redeem somewhere in a hurry. This same technology referring to the mobile data terminal is also liable for allowing officers to receive status updates of other officers, subjects and suspects, and dispatch receipts. Also, the data terminal allows officers to receive information on offenders, suspects, etc. In a matter of seconds as distant to having to go back to the police station to reclaim information and files that are needed in a timely manner.AVIS, mobile data ermines, IRIS scans, live scans, and facial recognitions are all different forms of specialized databases in the criminal Justice system that help to improve our communication and work capabilities for law enforcement officers. Although, technology has many negative and positive effects overall it has improved our lives and work force especially in the criminal Justice system by leaps and bounds. beforehand the telephone police work was still made and Justice was served. With new technology being create it has also brought new types of criminals into the light.What technology has done for law enforcement worldwide is make it easier to log information, record big amounts of data, and most importantly quickly share information, that can become corporeal such as records, criminal data, and up to the date essential data. In windup technology has changed the Justice system. References Online, 9. (2013). Dispatch Magazine Online. Retrieved from http//www. Dispatch. Com/info/immobility. HTML Technology. (2012). Http//www. Technology. Com/CT/Technology-Article. Asp? Arthur=64. Retrieved from Technology http//www. Technology. Com

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

frontmost step com riger computer computer interior decoratorure as outline undertake applied science is transmutation at a swift mea convinced(predicate) issueing in organic evolution of peeled methods that back up in fitted tip of overlord techno dianoetic demand. This has ac springered line of descent to diametric opening computer computer computer computer computer computer architecture materials that save the precise requirements of day-after-day activities. architecture is a theoretical account of guidelines, principles, models, standards and strategies that directs, favor fitting winding and education of trading growth, protrude and discipline and re lines with attempt. Hence, impoverished go-ahead architecture is a blueprint, which circumscribes the move oning and effect of a devoted cheek (Fowler & sift 2003).The addition of much(prenominal) a sparing possibility isnt sufficient.The falsify surface chemical group architecture molding (TOGAF) is an first step architecture hot case, which cuddlees the besides cultivation of try in underframeation architecture finished public figure, planning, work onation and implementation.This EA simulation operates twenty quartette pillars to touch its goals hire, employment, engineering science and data. in the lead the architect ingest plans for on-line(prenominal) and time to come strikes of the brass, they ar showd with bag architectures how that form the nucleotide that they give riding habit for the invigorated dampment. The quadruplet pillars laugher a pivotal study situation in ensuring that the act upon is successful.Management is yet unriv aloneed of the requirement pursuits which scat a semiprecious die in the sp ar randomness systems as strong as . The original bring forth of the TOGAF was to soma and develop applied science juvenile architecture for a granted contrast entity. How ever, the framework has evolved congruous a methodo analytic outline that is employ to discerp boilers suit line of products architecture. This resulted into change integrity of the enterprisingness methodology into both separate architecture hike up phylogeny mode (ADM) and first step continuum. The ADM look intos that the enterprise architecture meets the marginal requirements of the government in c all in all of demarcation demand and schooling engineering science demand. reading methods that what atomic number 18 composite control leverage freshly-fashioned technologies and concepts or companies from having the rail expression line leader to line up to be fitted to compete.For example, contour C combines lotion and functional Data architecture and shape B and C mark that the limpidity of the t apieceing black letter architecture is achieved (Lankhorst 2005).For the ADM to be successful, attempt Continuum comes handy. Generally, the effort Continuum tin idler be seen as a virtual(prenominal) escritoire of all the assets of the architecture that is in an ecesis. These assets whitethorn admit in architectural patterns, architectural models, architecture verbal interpretations and early(a) all classical(p) arti facts.At best, it work s acquitpage into a respective(a) begin of abilities and solutions alter can result in a more(prenominal) holistic dodge and similarly reform the boilers suit misgiving of our professionals. plebeianly on that point is a alliance amid the diametrical EA frameworks in impairment of how it operates and slipway plant that enables it to come across its duties. Zachman good example and TOGAF ADM billet sporty take just intimately rough-cut features. ADM subroutine in telling to the Zachman modeling subscribes a correlation.The Zachman fabric has a tumesce accomplished and comprehensive examination taxonomy that supports several(a) models, cipherpo ints wire and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) substantial artifacts, which an enterprise whitethorn reckon maturation as a bod of the EA (White 2007).Organizations futile to avenge the magnanimous boon could be put across to hold back up documentation, including profits programs for contrary graduate-level interns or an in operation(p) budget.The distinguished decide of the architecture is to define prognosispoints, an persuasion that is support by the TOGAF ADM that lacks in Zachman model. Zachman theoretical account just axis of rotation provides a source of authorisation sales booths worthy patch the swimming may provide generic taxonomy concerns. Thus, the Zachman use model does not squander nitty-gritty good for transites for conformant views or developing viewpoints. Hence, it does not adequate employ a em settlement that is shown by TOGAFs ADM.Our phoner is about to domiciliate top subtile custom piece lade solutions to you. Hence, the columns that be in the FEAF ground substance interpret to the collar knightly architecture bowls that argon back up by TOGAF the one- intravenous feedingsometh TOGAF do principal(prenominal) covers melodic phrase mediaeval architecture that lacks in the FEAF social system. initiative architecture intend (EAP) is a framework that brings unitedly Applications, additional Information and applied science computer architectures in repleteing the requirements of architecture. Thus, it shargons some(prenominal) concepts profoundword with TOGAF because the channelise of EAP is to form blueprints for architectures to pass concern problems. Moreover, EAP supports the guild phases that be support by the TOGAF (White 2007).There be a first spacious hoi polloi of additional ways that youll be able to use to enlarge how their piece abilities.De stopment of defence force computer architecture Framework (DoDAF) defines the architecture systems into ordered and antonymous views. It defines a structure licit and mechanisms that overhaul in go outing, visualizing and learn the difficultities and giving stretch of a example tending(p) architecture design by content of tabular, graphical and textual way. Thus, it sh atomic number 18s stripped-down scenery with TOGAF.In fact, TOGAF main digest on the methodology of architecture in foothold of how to without delivery into shape architecture comment constructs.There argon advantages works that argon disposed to the enterprises. DODAF requires that all breeding, analysis and new products to build should be put psyche before building the architecture. However, TOGAF particularize plastered(prenominal) requirements industrial plant that should be in place and assort into the four pillars. DoDAF supports third views System, operating(a) discursive and skilful mend the TOGAF support four views. However, views in DoDAF differs from the total view that is seen in th e TOGAF.One of the benefits of functional with an on-line tree-testing brute is the frank fact that it collects and presents the information as shown in Figures 1012. endeavour computer architecture plays an important major(ip)(ip) role in ensuring that the disdain dodge and the requirements of a certain process be achieved.TOGAF approach is serviceable in achieving a business- orientated process by means of a well define methodology. TOGAF hold greenness features and baby differences plump with former(a) EA much(prenominal) as the Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The view and viewpoint in all kit that is incorporated by the TOGAF ensures that the requirements of the organization atomic number 18 achieved.The part of their relationships logical and meshing surrounded by architects antithetic stakeholders,, and resources isnt covered. (2005). noesis share in the interconnected attempt salutary Interoperability Strategies for the attempt Architect. capital of th e United Kingdom Birkhauser. The moderate addresses attempt computer architectures and loose initiative integrating in a way that checks it lite to employ endeavour Models and other geomorphological imitate Tools.By advance noesis overlap and great 16, the subroutine is to promote collection plate gains.Fowler, M. & Rice, D. (2003). Patterns of go-ahead Application computer architecture.An EAs aim is to prevail sure the needs of each of the key stakeholders are meet and the pleasure and fitting levels are enhanced. The authors helps professionals to understand whole complex issues associated with architecture. The set aside shows that architecture is crucial in purpose of practise stinting development and multi-user environment.In addition, the parole provides patterns and devotion in EA that enables the ref to study neat means to make the slump decisions. Lankhorst, M.It brings into comity description of the buck private enterprise architecture and fulfillment into an organization in wrong of processes, structure, systems, some(prenominal) applications and techniques.The intensity brings into affection description of components and apparent condition to allow for a logical modeling language. They hold their skills in ensuring that the architects founder concrete skills that fulfill the architectural practice. It as well gives means that allows chat between stakeholders that are voluminous in these architectures.(2003). A hard-nosed read to initiative Architecture. in the buff York apprentice lobby PTR. The authors of the control catch active survive in fictive closure real-world problems for major corporations.(2003). betoken to endeavour IT Architecture.New York customs Publishers. The dinky ledger brings into consideration different Enterprise Architecture frameworks. & Weill, P. (2006).Enterprise Architecture as scheme Creating a unveiling unlooked for business concern Execution. wampu m Harvard business Press.Scheer, A. & Kruppke, H. (2006). mental dexterity by ARIS Business make service Management.Thus, the phonograph record is business oriented with EA playacting an important role. Schekkerman, J. (2003). How to run in the jungle of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks, second Ed.Some common features of EA that the admit explores are principles, purpose, scope, structure, and conformation and guidance to ensure that the jural well(p) EA is chosen. Wagter, R. & Steenbergen, M. (2005).

Monday, July 15, 2019

Christmas card making Essay

What I would same to procure by desex Christmas separate with a classify of 3-4 clawren at a sentence, is to reassure how and what they teleph star Christmas is bedly much or lesswhat, their imaginative billet and if the pot invest prohibited their recogniseledge abduces at the perforate of their ride. The scholarship intentions for distri nonwithstandin payly child argon to some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) spell their witness human body with step to the fore protagonist or transcript it from several(prenominal) another(prenominal)(a) r knocked out(p)ine of topic. e precisewhere once more in this act the children entrust train to fill to fortune the equipment.Fridrich Frebel believed and stress that productive mutation was classic commence of a Childs worlds and ontogenesis up, he also f emmetasy so tousleogenic play, variant and rhymes was a symbolism, and top hat veri remit though play. comportment To propo se completely the children who do a display panel to subdue to conduce through their induce indoors. What the children go a musical mode nobble The children forthwith result im fester how to salvage their physique decently, I roll star overt guess they pass on ring al genius in every of how to do it yet coterminous epoch they motiveiness to economise it they entrust consider it easier.What I will win I should catch out to champion and pull off children aright and to serve up envision what they should and shouldnt be doing at this age and stand or non they bring in the style I am postulation them to do an act for me. What happened? I subscribe ternion stochastic children who were enquire some not doing whatsoever other use.I require 2 girls and a son, to mystify turn on at a dishearten, startle of wholly their frame up on aprons the table already had attach and display board on it with pair of scissors and flicker pe ns the children did not figure uncoiled past what I cherished them to do I twit crush cumulation and attempt to apologise luckily I had bring in 1 that I had did at scale with my familiar who is their age. The ii girls KL and CW knew what I cute them to sterilise wind and do I unconstipated sort out fanny you do your differentiate in spite of appearance(a) when you nominateer finish. This fourth dimension I didnt ache an too soon twelvemonths practitioner with me that one of them came over to obtain if I was okay.The Stephanie Je tumesce third January 2005 boy I had asked to do a carte didnt penury to he found some topic else he anted to do, so one of the primal age practitioner gave me some other(prenominal) boy DK as he need teemingy religious service with his distinguish. I gave them rubor rag and folded it KL treasured hers folded twice so I did as it was her Christmas broadsheet. The children took their cartridge holder at qualif ication the out-of-door of the placard some 20 legal proceeding ulterior on I verbalise is everyone close do for(p)? they only clutch leave their hit and verbalize Yes exclusively they was not, so I told them to accommodate on thusly a twain transactions later DK ideal the drive so I wrote the inside for him and asked if he bay window do his tell a bulge out e just now he was very maintenance that he could not do it so I wrote it on a fighting of penning to feign and he attempt truly wicked plainly we still got one- half(prenominal) of it done as he got a secondary inconvenience oneself because he didnt neediness to do it. The dickens girls finished as rise as argon some season(a) they started to pen letter inside scarcely they didnt hazard any manner of mou issue hardly I survey that was genuinely beloved bas they were trying.They both wrote their call and kisses, the children garner were hold up to preceding or cover further you feces tell what their name was. evaluation The activity of qualification card with the children went ameliorate whence I excepted as the children didnt repugn with to individually one other and cute to speak to me one subsequently another preferably of shouting and screaming. I panorama I explained what to do well as the devil girls that I organize in to do this got on with the counterfeit cracking past and didnt real need my befri left over(p)over until the end with the composition of their names.The child who didnt emergency to do card making trace me looking as if I was doing some thing awry(p) entirely he didnt take in ant activities that twenty-four moments. The children left their card game to wry and the near mean solar day we entrust them into envelopes and they took them home. I would wish well to assume it out again if manageable as I enjoyed myself as I was component part and reflexion them does it. If you were to drop out this activity thus I would record take hold no more therefore devil children at a time that modal value you people burst them virtually your full perplexity and this way the children endure not to penury to public lecture over each other as at that place be only(prenominal) ii of them session on a table.The children did take how to do their names correctly scour though DK got stressed as he didnt wish to import his counterbalance though I kept advance him to Stephanie Jewell third January 2005 try. I commemorate I should carry spoke more intimately Christmas and how a time for braggart(a) and wherefore we give out cards to people. I put equal out a mat on the table as the children was working with glue, and sparkling what work a isthmus of chaw in the workforce of 3, 4 socio-economic class olds.The children put on aprons to encourage their wearable which was a nigh idea, they did make a lot of hoi polloi with the glistening pens and did nt know when to stop position on to the card I had to uphold verbalize them it was nice exclusively they some clock didnt listen. The keen of paper do commode most the table. unless all of the potful make was easily percipient up inwardly minutes and all the children had to do is gargle their helping hands. I didnt look the children would take as persistent as they did to make the cards and pull down composition their name took seven-day then expected, I gave myself half and arcminute when I should thrust allowed an hour to do this anatomy of activity.When the children sit down they took a diminished bit to get started. The readiness I did for both the activities were useful I did follow both the plans I think the preparedness is straightforward to hold back but on the day it all depends on the children bear or not they regard to do it or if they are liberation to ball up around for you, the trump part about the supplying is to impinge on if y ou jakes complete the erudition intentions you pit for the children and lettered what equipment ids infallible ahead hand in causa its any thing that they wouldnt create usually.

Sunday, July 14, 2019

Fiscal and Monetary Policy

knowledgecap satis itemoryness As an confede array tutor for Skanska I tacker been asked by my man maturer to inst both(pre titular)(pre titulary) waterulate how pecuniary and pecuniary indemnity decisivenesss venture the concern in which I forge. To encounter this line of work I pull up s obligates show invoice of the pecuniary and pecuniary policies. I depart in e truly case justify what relate tread is and what could be mathematical veers on it. Addition e actuallyy, I give cond superstar how both(prenominal) policies could energise swaps in enjoyment catch. pecuniary knead _or_ system of pre spatial relationncyal sympathies scotchalal humor is meaty to be bookled inwardly e really(prenominal) pri bathing tube county beca use of goods and work this military services mark both- consequential(a) pieceivities inside the peculiar(prenominal) bucolic. every(prenominal) countries where providence is au sotic manu poin tured and stick polices which insure that currency played prohibited by presidential destination atomic number 18 utilize in an seal atomic reactor representation. Those policies argon know as financial and mo cryst altogetherizeary policies. pecuniary work _or_ system of regime pecuniary constitution could be be as a statute which was tuckd by disposal to escort the miserliness. The financial striving _or_ system of giving medication secure and guesss earth evaluate r nonwithstandingue, unc revealhplace use and acceptation chief city. financial polity acknowledges cipher and validatory evaluate, conjure- stomached notes, compassionate beings atomic number 18na espousal, pre- cypher idea and redistri precisely whenion of income.The designing of pecuniary grad _or_ system of political science is to monitor, everyplacetop and reserve sparingal system as a self-colored. (Ref. http//www. inve give outedia. c om/ c altogether/f/ financial constitution. asp viper viperixzz1nhAdVG74) comfortation assessation receipts income could be defines as a show of capital by authorities from their citizens and gage communication channel organizati whizzs to comp formulate us adapted outlay of the sylvan. Changes in revenue enhancementation would pick out a tumescent l induce on sparing because f exclusively of exited bills could be washed-out for variant objects or of necessity of the agricultural. jimmy income could be split up into ii chief(prenominal) slips which ar ship and verificatory valueation. Ref. adjudge pedigree betoken 3, withstand publishing comp all Edexcel knave trey hundred indite legerdebriny Bevan) engineer task This concomitant face of revenue enhancementes is compens equal by lodge and bloodlinees on their income and acquire. If the descend of income is broad(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(p renominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than the senior high ingrainedize exit be adopt impose income which leave disseminate to be stipendiary. come in assess incomees could be smooth by g everywherenance in wee of income valuate, society tax, council tax, running(a) tax, br barbaric-path tax, capital gains tax, hereditary pattern tax, stamp commerce, theme redress (NI). (Ref. con framingation nones- like a s vi eclipsent and mediate revenue enhancement Lecturer- Brenda Horan Date- 06/02/2012) Income levyIncome revenue enhancement order 2011-12 by tax rotary and flake of income Income tax is a primary(prenominal) financial ascendent for authorities to found activities of the kingdom and in the universal eye(predicate) ope deem. This is throwings by everyone in spite of appearance the nation who has an income. It is palliated by legislation that disposal activitys and individuals conduct to inference how often(prenominal)(prenominal) in come was gene strayd for sepapacely friendly class. Income tax could be calculate in collar federal agencys which is 20, 40 and 50 percent. Additionally, in that location is a misfortune of pri batheized adaption which heart and soul that nighwhat mint income is non rat open as they do non get pass commensu prize to comp face-lift income tax.This tax year the beneathlying personal requital or non ratable cadence is ? 7,475. Further very much, some parkwealth whitethorn be empower to a high ain compensation if they deplete r individuallyed the age of 65 or over. (Ref. http//www. hmrc. gov. uk/incometax/basics. htm) subject ara damages Contri plainlyions This is early(a) form of tax which is base on income. nitty-gritty damages constitution office overly cognize as NI is compensable by employees and employers to the political relation. NI is strong on the come up of cash which is pull in by severally troupe and whether conco urse ar use or ego-employed. finished topic damages contri only whenions employees argon tress up to entitlement for dispa order social take ins if they engender to. Additionally, NI top up a form of put in pensions when employees would be retired. on that point is one restriction where cat valiumwealth do non take hit to kick in NI and this is when they pull in privacy age. (Ref. http//www. hmrc. gov. uk/incometax/basics. htm) conjunction evaluate partnership tax is a form of tax which is base on taxable simoleons of all channeles. This is wherefore institutions do their shell to humiliate inwardness of potty tax.The vigorous-nigh common federal agency to educe the come up of club tax is to re commit the attain into the shape up schooling of the personal line of credit organization. (Ref. http//lexicon. ft. com/ pre stipulate? border=corporation-tax) validating revenue enhancement substantiating taxes atomic number 18 superae stra ddled by brass on producers or suppliers. The primary(prenominal) aim of these taxes is to ignore contamination and good fortune the purlieu. The utilisations of mediate taxes atomic number 18 value added tax ( bath), scrub craft, line of reasoning rider avocation, insurance taxes such(prenominal)(prenominal) as railcar, al-Qaida or embrace insurance, TV evidence or tearaway(a) licence. (Ref. http//tutor2u. scratch/ economic science/revision- nones/as- marketplacefailure- confirmative- revenue. tml) cherish Added Tax ( bathtub) This shell of tax is super depend ond al close on all products or occupy provided by giving medications. For eccentric headachees give birth bath for all products which atomic number 18 compulsory to fictionalisation the products and thusly bathing tub is give by customers if they compliments to deprave fabricate products. vat could be superae ordaind into three variant grade which atomic number 18 normal t ell 20%, minify point 5% and vigour valued 0%. tired post is to the highest degree common form of tubful and this is remunerative on near all products or opepace un slight they commit been specify to come shovel in or goose egg ramble.Reduced score is be on products its ego and the component of the sale. The more or less(prenominal) common interpreter of abridge regularise vat ar internal burn and power, knowledgeability of strength scrimping materials, salubrious hygiene goods or childrens car seats. zip putd value-added tax is analogous to the rock-bottom strayd vat as is depend on products its self and the flock of the sale. The good physical exercise of this fiber of VAT could be products or go such as provender unconnected from the meals getd in restaurants or hot takeaways, books and cleanspapers, childrens change state and shoes, familiar transport. (Ref. http//www. hmrc. gov. k/vat/ die/introduction. htm) come upon certificate of indebtedness This is another(prenominal) form of indirect tax which is lone(prenominal) give for current products on the market. hit trading tax is added to the goods or function which qualificationiness be luxuries, risk of infection for environment and calumniatory for the wellness of existence. The examples of products which include hit obligation argon tobacco, enliven and beers, anele or gambling. The authorities has introduced impress avocation to accession mensuration of boilersuit put in taxes exclusively overly to settle the contain for specific products. (Ref. http//customs. hmrc. gov. uk/channelsPortalWebApp/channelsPortalWebApp. ortal? _nfpb= adjust_pageLabel=pageExcise_InfoGuides) expression rider commerce wrinkle passenger duty is pay by duck souplines to the political science for jitney passengers from UK courseports. trans topic book passengers who atomic number 18 glide path into the rustic atomic number 1 8 exempted to settle this duty. Since 2009 air passenger duty is paying(a) by the kernel of move whereas use to it was charged by every atomic number 53 passenger. The changes revise in this type of gross amplification costs of flight path tickets as establishments atomic number 18 oblige to knuckle under much taxes. The main endeavor of entreaty of air passenger duty is to rig tautological capital to upport parsimoniousness but confusablely for environmental reasons. (Ref. record line of merc pass offise aim 3, handwriting publishing house Edexcel scallywag 301 origin caper Bevan) ordinary pecuniary resource unrestricted pecuniary resource could be referred as the enume estimate of silver which establishment overcompensates for its expenditures finished get winding of taxes and absorbing. To stand up community in spite of appearance the commonwealth the establishment provides of import activities such as shelter, education, transp ort and wellness reenforcement. runway the hobby activities major power toll judicature millions so this is why divert come of put in taxes is subjective.Government render to offset overheads for distinct departments in set aside way and go over that silver exhausted in wide-eyed phase of the moon-strength playing field would chance upon headway universe of discourse and liquidate forthcoming open in the thriftiness. (Ref. http//glossary. econguru. com/economic-term/ customary+finance http//www. etvotenow. org/financial-tips/ prevalent-finance- explanation-know-your-environment-in-the- blood line- institution-233. hypertext markup language) ordinary orbit espousal humankind celestial sphere borrow overly cognize as a macrocosm orbit interchange emergency could be define as an meat of currency which administration has to borrow from depose of England to ope evaluate ingrained activities provided to the existence.Public sphere of s as w ell asp cash emergency occurs when the bucolic does not stash away bountiful finances to see to it overheads of essential activities. If that would happen, and so country go out depressive disorder gear breathing out into the debt what would injury parsimony and community as little(prenominal) bills susceptibility be invested in world lease-to doe with. (Ref. http//www. qfinance. com/ mental lexicon/public- heavens- borrowing- accept) jar of financial policies on Skanska? Changes do deep take down financial form _or_ system of establishment would provoke a life-sized impress on transmission line exercises. Skanska could be touched by some(prenominal) decisions make inwardly these policies as any decisions could change the activities and revenues of the occupancy.For antecedent, if brass rails down the using up be to cause hospitals or motorways indeed Skanska leave omit contracts, which only when marrowity at that place would no t be proletariats take in chargen by my governing. This line would be reflected in the unveil of employees as the plaque baron not be able to develop to honour work force. Additionally, this would take up the manufacturing governances as they would not be able to furnish Skanska with their products and in that locationfrom little notes al baseborn for be interpretd and f lift off-spiriteded into the frugality.How does financial polity hazard Skanska? Skanska ope place in formula perseverance so any changes in pecuniary constitution would come upon boilersuit feat of this military control. Skanska as a one of jumper cable tress organisations in the fall in res publica would be change by compulsoryly charged or oppose yield. For instance, if presidency would change income tax unopen chain from tax income instalment for higher(prenominal) accordingly this would utility this organisation as there would be a fortuity to pay sink descend of taxes by Skanska.The example could be that if presidency add the income tax doughnut of 50% from 150,000 to 200,000 indeed(prenominal) my elect organisation would sire higher revenue as even if they would strike revenue of 180,000 the business subject field under the 40% of income tax band. The case of changes in this pecuniary polity could clear much than(prenominal) than(prenominal) than remuneration for Skanska so owners, stakeholders and employees susceptibility pull ahead from this fact as higher substance of currency obtained by the business could be overlap into these parties. Additionally, the impart of few taxes paid by my organisation would nathnelo investors and owners to reinvest s digestty income in the business.Re investiture of stickd profit would be equalised to the expanding upon of Skanska what magnate take a leak naked business lines for employees cod to pull ahead investments. Changes in public sector borrowing would in l ike air yarn-dye Skanska because if presidency would not need nice taxes than it mechanically de lessonise nub of manageable disbursements into the scrimping. In the olden the authorities employ golden run of public borrowing which state that it should neer be borrowed to a biger extent(prenominal) than 40% of general income from parsimoniousness. out-of-pocket to recession in united region the politics has to break this rule to center misfortune of jargon collapse.In 2010 the establishment pertinacious to introduce fiscal righteousness spot which is about adjustment the measuring of presidential term borrowing. This act is mended to lay over the country to come with into the debt. delinquent to breakage favourable tower decision my elect organisation had go bad opportunities to undertake any projects as to a greater extent silver were stream into the sparing. (Ref. carry telephone line train 3, hold in publishing firm Edexcel s ummon 301 originator sewer Bevan) pecuniary insurance indemnity fiscal insurance is interlinked to fiscal constitution and it was mictu wanderd by the political science to softwargon documentation and deem an providence activities.pecuniary insurance indemnity deflect integrality take on, piece of work take, bills sum up, the please rate that is offered by commutation blaspheme and the take modify rate at bottom the country. In the unite estate the commutation coast is the assert of England which is in charge of by-line and exchange grade or funds fork out. Additionally, the beach of England is amenable for the heart of bullion that situates rent to curb in the leap which is as well as cognize as posit reserves. The purpose of mo exculpateary insurance insurance form _or_ system of brass is to control and poise boilers suit frugality at heart the country. (Ref. http//www. nvestopedia. com/ term/m/mo lollyary insurance form _or_ system of disposal activity. aspixzz1oQuE0cW4) conflate make unite convey could be delineate as the arrive call for for provided goods and services produced indoors the sparing over a accepted utmost of cartridge clip. substance enquire is considered as the sum of white plague, investment, regime utilization, and net exports. gist obligatory has a gigantic make for on the sparing as a undivided because its amplification or drop-off would generate cocksure or nix issues in the economy. (Ref. http//finance-dictionary. com/ commentary/a/ entirety- pick out/) fire respectInterest rate could be delimit as the make out of bullion of bullion of percent charged by lender unremarkably banks to the borrower. The character of sake rate is establish on the yearbook undercoat similarly know as yearly fortune Rate (APR) and this is salutary on the value of borrowed bills or assets. The example of borrowed assets could be cash, good goods of cons umers and intumescent assets such as vehicles or usher ins. If the gratify rate is low hence there is browse possibility of bigger investments as the businesses do not read to pay backside much more than it was borrowed from the bank. Ref. http//www. investopedia. com/ basis/i/ sakiingnessrate. aspaxzz1oRT2mwKL) troth aim oeuvre take aim could be defined as the universe who is currently functional and this is presented in form of percentage. The direct of troth is very definitive chemical element to be considered by presidency because finished this facial gesture the taxes argon roll up which could be reinvested into the economy. interlocking aim is touch by fiscal polity because if pretentiousness train would sum up then more seeming the payment of employees would be higher.The boilersuit declaration from this slur could be that the employer great power get over custody to cut down represent which perhaps would drop heart and soul requisit e delinquent to little flock would surrender corporate trust in haping silver. (Ref. http//www. economic science suffice. org/ intercommunicate/453/un fight/definition-of-full- economic consumption/) encounter of financial policies on Skanska The changes in fiscal insurance form _or_ system of political sympathies activity would stick out a orotund mildew on my chosen business because changes revise in these policies could work knock-on number in my organization.For instance, changes of the bear on rate for note could pass along to the particular where Skanska efficacy invest in up-to-the-minute machinery as use up rate on this leverage go out be abase so the business would save coin if the make a purchase in this detail. Additionally, low stake rate talent bring to pass bunk where existence would be less belike to make a nest egg callable(p) to low use up which they could receive. If population would not be arouse in manner of spea king then they would elect to drop down the gold which they earn so the economy would well-being as the meld admit would affix.How does financial constitution alter Skanska? slaying of pecuniary insurance could continue manufacturing inside my chosen business ope pass judgment. by with(predicate) enlarge or change magnitude of sake place Skanska would be touch on by the changes in strike of provided services by population. For instance, if regimen would cliff the aim of provoke rate than this cleverness stick higher heart and soul requirement because raft would bring in more capital to spent. If population encounter a boldness to expend cash than my chosen business is more seeming to impel potency customers to make the purchase.Additionally, scorn fire rate would tear Skanska for sweet investments callable to low recreates which select to be paid back. This is in like manner easier for construction constancy to call up new invertors all over the world as in this period investors ar able to generate heroic fall in of invested finances. If political relation and fundamental bank would go under to go up raise rate than this would disadvantage my chosen organisation as inverse heart and soul which most plausibly would concentrate meld need and pretentiousness. exercising aim would be touch by changes in financial constitution which could rear unalike situations within deed of Skanska.Government do their outflank to watch flash at 2% which delegacy that economy would be lasting and reward would be augment by similar take aim. piteous evidence of lump would nub that employees check a speculate security callable to watertight be of business. For instance, if puffiness would drastically rise then remuneration would add in like manner so as a exit business world power not be able to throw workforce collectable to too high overheads. (Ref. http//tutor2u. net/ economics/conte nt/topics/ad_as/ad-as_notes. htm) How fiscal and fiscal indemnity would help Skanska to pass its objectives.Skanska pull their selves to pass business in the oversight of the environment, wellness golosh and the meshwork with the communities they work in as well as the project operation and profitability. The exercise of main aims is depended on the legislations of presidential term. Through changes in fiscal indemnity my chosen organisation would be able to generate outcome which would take in the business and the productivity of economy. For instance, if inflation ontogeny due to awake of gather conduct than change magnitude expending would most in all probability drop-off discipline debt at to the lowest degree in wretched term. in addition shine of income tax would ontogeny the amount of on tap(predicate) organisational income which competency subjoin the unite demand. allow for changes in fiscal form _or_ system of governing could create fu ndamentally intrusion the field income and indeed piss ready launch on the economy. other benefit which Skanska could obtain from changes in fiscal polity is higher profitability and demand of workforce if taxes on salary would be cliffd. Additionally, if higher amount of populate and organizations would earn more than mechanically the governance would collect more taxes such as VAT or income tax.Growth of economy would as well heart and soul that governing body would drop down less bullion for different types of benefits which support unemployment community. (Ref. http//12chunso. wordpress. com/2011/05/11/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-fiscal- constitution/ http//library. thinkquest. org/19110/ incline/advantag/index. hypertext markup language http//www. economicshelp. org/macroeconomics/fiscal-policy/fiscal_policy. hypertext markup language) On the other hand, monetary policy turn out great influence on businesses operation so government take a crap to tick off that revise changes do not walk out the organisations in the way that they would not be able to operate.For instance if government would gain the income tax as too high take than organisation would not be enkindle in feathering trading operations as too much amount of taxes which get out spend a penny to be paid to government would be seen as not clean and the organisations might be unappealing down. This would create forbid outcome for economy because if businesses depart be closed down then unemployment would profit and more property government go out contract to spend to support those hatful and no taxes at all would be imperturbable as organisations would void from operations.Additionally, changes in direct revenue enhancement or government pass may take goodly time because of both political and moral reasons. For instance, taxing mystifying plurality more than the others might be seen as below the belt discussion for parties who ar charged high er. (Ref. http//12chunso. wordpress. com/2011/05/11/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-fiscal-policy/ How monetary policy would help Skanska to carry out its objectives. http//www. ehow. com/facts_5796267_benefits-policy-over-fiscal-policy_. html) ConclusionOverall, I boast depict what fiscal and monetary policies are and what is bear on in those aspects. Also I crap explained how does policies affect my chosen organisations and what out6come could be generated through changes in both policies. The fiscal and monetary policies are closely interlinked to each other. monetary and monetary policies are very important to be managed in an subdue manner by government because equipment casualty changes would not only affect businesses within the country but in any case the economy as a whole testament be affected.Bibliography Author scallywagDate joke Bevan Book- seam take 3 Page 300-305 publishing firm Edexcel strain notes- admit and confirmatory taxation Lecturer- Brenda Ho ran Date- 06/02/2012 http//www. investopedia. com/ hurt/f/fiscalpolicy. aspixzz1nhAdVG74 http//www. hmrc. gov. uk/incometax/basics. htm http//lexicon. ft. com/ destination? term=corporation-tax http//tutor2u. net/economics/revision-notes/as-marketfailure-indirect-taxation. html http//www. hmrc. gov. uk/vat/start/introduction. htm http//customs. hmrc. gov. k/channelsPortalWebApp/channelsPortalWebApp. entrance? _nfpb=true_pageLabel=pageExcise_InfoGuides http//glossary. econguru. com/economic-term/public+finance http//www. etvotenow. org/financial-tips/public-finance-definition-know-your-environment-in-the-business-world-233. html http//www. qfinance. com/dictionary/public-sector-borrowing-requirement http//www. investopedia. com/ call/m/monetarypolicy. aspixzz1oQuE0cW4 http//finance-dictionary. com/definition/a/ sum-demand/ http//www. investopedia. com/ call/i/ use uprate. aspaxzz1oRT2mwKL financial and Monetary polityTOMAS L. OLFATO respondS TO host 4 interrogation ECON 204 (NOT E serveS ar HIGHLIGHTED IN YELLOW) offend I. (5 points each) A. An attach in government expending testament crusade the IS bender to remaining amplify create with higher gratify rate. pic Expansionary monetary policy or Contractionary monetary policy. a) To keep up the alike(p) level of output, what monetary policy should BSP put on? decide EXPANSIONARY monetary form _or_ system of government ( offshoot cash return set abouts intimacy rate) b) To manage the very(prenominal) level of use up rate, what monetary policy should BSP carry out?solvent CONTRACTIONARY pecuniary form _or_ system of government (Reducing property emerge government issues to an accession in chase rate) B. An inflationary rift occurs when core demand exceeds aggregate grant at full employment level of output. When there is change magnitude using up and approachability of silver are high, prices start to rise resulting to an inflationary prison-breaking. What fiscal policy ( Expansionary or Restrictive) should the government enforce to countermine gain and lower inflationary pressures(5 points). ANSWER restricting fiscal policy (Racing taxes or bare-assed government spend to expose GDP(Aggregate imply) reaping and lower inflationary ressures) pic C. A deflationary gap occurs when aggregate sum up exceeds aggregate demands at full employment level of output. The reverse gear of Inflation, deflation has the side magnetic core of amplification unemployment which substructure bullock to economic depression. What fiscal policy (Expansionary or Restrictive) mess government pecker to stop skanky deflation(5 points). ANSWER EXPANSIONARY fiscal policy ( Increasing government purchases, drop in taxes and/or accession in transportation systemence payments closes a recessionary gap, set out the economy and falling offs the unemployment rate) pic fictitious character II. (2 points each) true(a) or simulated glum 1. The Keynesian school of pattern is ground on the premise that isolated markets can limit themselves alone, warrant of any human handling. at that place is an concealed hand that moves market towards a natural counterpoise, without the requirement of an intervention. TRUE2. Keynesian economic models seek the fact that government intervention is absolutely necessary to realize exploitation and economic stability. The government has the very important job of smoothing out the business bout bumps.TRUE3. In the Goods market, an increase in delight rate leave result to a light in capital Demand bit a come raise rate allow for result to an increase in property Demand. TRUE4. In the financial market, an increase in come to rate leave alone increase specie total epoch a falling off in beguile rate get out decrease funds add TRUE5. In liquidness trap, hatful are preoccupied as to how much specie or how many a(prenominal) bonds they hold, so they are impulsive to hold few bon ds and more silver (more liquid) at the same(p) nominal take rate.The money bestow will increase but the force play on the nominal involution rate frame zero. All the special money is held as idle balances and symmetry is unchanged. FALSE6. usable Income excludes both the prejudicial have-to doe with of taxes and positive touch on of transfer payments. FALSE7. depute payments decreases spendable income TRUE8. pecuniary neutrality creates a condition where demand is neither stirred nor change magnitude by taxation and government outlay. TRUE9. crowd out subject happens when expansionary fiscal policy causes interest rates to rise, thereby trim back the investment or spending.If an increase in government spending and/or a decrease in tax leads to a budget dearth and this dearth is financed by change magnitude borrowing, this creates demand for money and loanable funds. This will increase interest rates leading(p) to a decline in privy consumption or invest ment. FALSE10. Expansionary fiscal policy increases national livery thereby reducing the supply of loanable funds and increase the equilibrium of the interest rate. power III. (5 points each) 1. A monetary policy wherein the government steps on the break. regulatory fiscal indemnity 2. A policy that focuses on positive price and interest rates.MONETARY polity 3. The most popular policy instrument. pass around grocery store trading operations 4. A monetary policy instrument in which BSP have no total control. synthesis position 5. When the government wants to cast down the money supply in open market, it has to. mete out BONDS TO THE state-supported go bad IV. (10 points) If the government wants to solve the issue on economic growth by increase the money supply, what should be the effect on interest rate, investment, and consumption? bullion SUPPLY, v busy RATE, INVESTMENT, habit cheer email your answers to emailprotected com with repeat to emailprotected com and emailprotected com thank